Crohn’, s disease is a chronic and common bowel disease caused gestational tract (GI) inflammation. In recent years, the prevalence of this disease has been increasing slowly in the world and Iran. This study briefly introduces Crohn's disease with a review of related articles published during 2004-2021. The most accepted theory of the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease is having a genetic background (CARD25/NOD2 mutations and polymorphisms of TLR), along with the abnormal response of the intestinal normal flora. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss are the most common symptoms of the disease. To diagnose, clinical symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, endoscopy and colonoscopy are helpful. The aim of the treatment is to control the symptoms, reduce clinical symptoms, prevent the progression of the disease, reduce the need for surgery, nutritional support, and reduce its side effects. Moreover, anti-tumor necrosis factors and corticosteroid medications to regulate the immune system are used. New biological agents such as anti-integrin medications have opened a better perspective for patients. To reach a good care and treatment, it is requires a team including the patient, health care workers, internal specialists, endocrinologists, infectious disease specialists, and epidemiologists to work together to meet health and treatment needs, physical and psychological support, creating health and preventive measures, approaches fast diagnosis and timely action. Due to the unknown cause of the disease and the lack of adequate treatment response to the existing medications, investigate and research more widely about Crohn's disease is needed.

Context: Obsessive jealousy is a highly disturbing disorder that is usually unrecognized, as most studies are concerned with delusional jealousy. The aim of the present article was to provide a narrative review of studies conducted on obsessional jealousy and associated factors.Evidence Acquisition: A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Psycho INFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus for articles published between 1976 and April 2016.Results: The core of jealous concerns was found to be different between males and females. Patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) had greater concerns about their partner than healthy individuals. Studies suggested a phenomenological overlap between OCD and obsessional jealousy, for which anti-OCD treatment could be useful.Conclusions: Different terms were found for symptoms associated with obsessive jealousy, such as cognitive jealousy or neurotic jealousy. The term obsessional jealousy should be standardized in psychiatry reference books. It could be used in scales applied for diagnosis and evaluation of OCD.

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging human infectious coronavirus that causes COVID-19, which has been recognized as a pandemic by theWorldHealth Organization (WHO) onMarch 11t h. There is still no vaccine or definitive treatment for this virus because its pathogenesis and proliferation pathways are still unknown. Therefore, in this article, new potential COVID-19 therapies are briefly reviewed.

Introduction: Students observe role models and learn from them in a variety of educational settings. Although it is known that role models impact the professional and character development of students, some clinical teachers are poor role models. We conducted a review to summarize the evidence that could help clinical teachers promote their role modeling. Methods: We performed a review search using specific keywords (curriculum, role model*, faculty development, teach*, program* and education) through electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and ERIC). We obtained 320 qualitative and quantitative studies. Having removed the duplicate references, we read 244 titles and excluded irrelevant ones. Eighty-two articles were retained and the abstract of each was read. Finally, 20 articles were included. Results: According to the results of our review, three major themes were identified: 1) features of a good role model composed of teaching, clinical, and personal-interpersonal skills, 2) self-improvement of role modeling, and 3) faculty development programs. Conclusions: Role models have a profound effect on the attitudes and behaviors of medical students. It is important for clinical teachers to make an intentional effort to articulate what aspects they are modeling. This study can help the faculty members to be an effective role model. Also, the findings of this review could form the foundation of a faculty development program in order to foster role modeling in clinical settings.